Age of Biological Markers
نویسنده
چکیده
Way back in 1898 Freud, the propounder of psychoanalysis and enunciator of psychological concepts of mental illnesses wrote to his friend Fliess—"I have no desire at all to leave the psychology hanging in the air with no organic basis but beyond the feeling of conviction (that there must be such a basis), I have nothing either theoretical or therapeutic to work on and so I must behave as if confronted by just psychological factors only". Later for a long time psychiatrists were obsessed with only psychological theories of psychiatric illnesses. As the physical science leapt into the 'jet-age', man landed on moon and saw his dreams of establishing space laboratories becoming true, side by side the psychiatric medicine has also taken strides and biochemical hypotheses for psychotic illnesses have been proposed. Today all over the world scientists are trying to identify specific 'biological markers' for these illnesses. A biological marker is one that reveals stable characteristics of individual subjects with greater inter-individual than intra-mdividual variability; is demonstrable in the well state and therefore in the well relatives; is heritable, shows that relatives who are like the probands on the observed variable are more likely to have that particular psychiatric illness ; exhibits no deviation in observed values in the ill probands and the ill relatives from the values predicted by the genetic model tested. Indian researchers have done pioneering work during the past decade or so in various fields. Specific dermatoglyphic patterns such as abortive lines, pearl lines, Simian creases, single radial based crease, etc.. have been seen to be specifically associated with schizophrenia and a different set of pattern to be associated with manic-depressive illness, and also differences were observed between patients with and without positive family history. Constitutional marker-androgynae and 17-ketosteroid excre-tion were shown to be lower in psychotics as well as neurotics as compared to controls. Specific chromosomal abnormality (an extra X chromosome) was shown to be associated with schizophrenia. On the biochemical field elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase and quantitatively altered blood levels of proteins in schizophrenia, raised GSF proteins and immunoglobulins and serum acetylcholinesterase in depression have been observed. Reduced platelet MAO activity in chronic schizophrenics and bipolar affective disorder were reported. Differential changes in urinary 5-HIAA in drug responder and nonres-ponder depressives, and alteration in urinary 17-ketosteroides, 17-hydroxyketosteroids and vanylyl mandelic acid in schizophrenics are other biochemical variables studied. Studies in endocrinology have revealed various …
منابع مشابه
Hematological and Biological Markers of Neonatal Sepsis
Septicemia in neonates is the commonest cause of mortality. Early recognition and diagnosis of neonatal sepsis remains a challenge because of the variable and nonspecific clinical presentation. The laboratory criteria are often non specific and not fully reliable. The objective of this review is to highlight the various hematological and biological markers of neonatal sepsis. We searched ...
متن کاملDNA markers in hybrids of female Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum and male grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: possible production of gynogenic progeny
Hybrids were produced by crossing female Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum with male grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The genome of eight larvae and parents were studied using microsatellite markers for genetic evaluation and verification. After DNA extraction from parent fish and progeny, hybrid heritability of two loci was assessed using two pairs of microsatellite primers. Hybridizie...
متن کاملExpression of pluripotent stem cell markers in mouse uterine tissue during estrous cycle
It was assumed that uterine stem cells are responsible for the unique regenerative capacity of uterine. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the pluripotent stem cell markers in the mice uterine tissue during different stages of estrous cycles. Twelve virgin female NMRI mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were considered at proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus a...
متن کاملStudy of Changes in Some Pathophysiological Stress Markers in Different Age Groups of an Animal Model of Acute and Chronic Heat Stress
This study demonstrates the changes in six different pathophysiological parameters such as body weight, body temperature, fecal pellet count, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, plasma corticosterone level and emergence of hemorrhagic peptic ulcer spots due to exposure to high environmental heat in three different age groups of freely moving rats. Methods: Each age group of rats was sub di...
متن کاملThe Analysis of the Discourse Markers in the Narratives Elicited from Persian-speaking Children
Discourse markers (DMs) are linguistic elements that index different relations and coherence between units of talk. Most research on the development of these forms has focused on conversations rather than narratives. This article examines age and medium effects on use of various discourse markers in pre-school children. Fifteen normal Iranian monolingual children, male and female, participated ...
متن کاملStudy of Genetic Diversity of Some Allium L. Species Based on ISSR Markers in Kurdistan Province
Genus Allium L. contains very taxonomically complex sections, especially the subgenus Melanocrommyum. The systematic position of the species in each section has been revised many times over time. In the present study, the relationship between 32 ecotypes belonging to 10 different species of Allium was investigated using ISSR markers. The nine primers used produced 166 polymorphic bands (average...
متن کامل